![]() ![]() Operation in undivided cells and at constant current is commonly the case. In addition, the immobilization of the electrocatalyst simplifies the experimental set-up. In this particular case, the electroconversion becomes less dominated by the applied potential since the redox-active layer serves as a redox filter. 6 Such active electrodes usually provide a unique reactivity. In the best case, a compact and electrically conductive coating is formed, which is electrochemically regenerated in situ. An active electrode has electrocatalytically active species on the surface, which can be considered as immobilized redox-active reagents (Figure 1 b). This can be achieved either by an active electrode or by using a mediator. Since many molecular moieties, such as alcohols or double bonds, cannot be selectivity addressed in complex molecules, an electrocatalytic approach is required. In this case, the electroconversion occurs at the electrode surface and selectivity can be achieved by adjusting the appropriate electrode potential (Figure 1 a).ĭifferent operation modes of electrodes in electrosynthetic applications. The classical way is to use an inert electrode. In electroorganic syntheses, roughly three different scenarios for the electron transfer from the electrode to the substrate are feasible. A variety of these recent developments will be described in this Review.Īll electrochemical methods are based on simple electron transfers from the electrode to the substrate or vice versa. All these innovative methods will help in the development of selective electrochemical transformations for value-added organic products and help in the scale-up for technical applications. In addition, the electrochemical conversion of renewables provides a sustainable alternative for the synthesis of valuable fine chemicals from current waste streams. These innovations include the merger of electrochemistry with conventional chemical ideas, such as organocatalysis and flow electrochemistry, as well as new procedures for controlling the selectivity of electrochemical transformations such as the “cation-pool” method, the redox-tag approach, and bio-electrochemistry. 171 Besides the continuous development of new electrochemical reactions and the synthesis of complex organic molecules, significant progress has been made in the realization of electrochemical methods. 5 A variety of valuable synthetic pathways for electrochemical synthesis has been described in the previous review “ Electrifying Organic Synthesis”. 1 In terms of the ecological footprint, 2- 4 the substitution of chemical redox reagents by electricity is an inevitable step towards green chemical processes. The application of electrochemical methods to the synthesis of organic molecules has undergone a revival during the last few decades. ![]()
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